CHM 2211L - Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques

Use the "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", look up the section on "Esters, Organic".

1. Hydroxycarboxylic acids separated by at least 2 carbons form internal esters called _____
2. What type of groups speed up ester saponification?
3. What type of groups slow down ester saponification?
4. When esters react with ammonia two products result. _____ and ______
5. Esters react with Grignard reagents to form ______
6. What is the hazard rating for esters?
7. What is the maximum % acidity for typical commercial esters?
8. What is the largest end user of esters?
9. According to this article, what is the name of the medicinal ester sold?
10. What is the boiling point of methl stearate?

Search the UCF Libraries catalog for "encyclopedia of chemical technology".

NOTE: The assignment questions seem to be based on the entry appearing in v.8 of the 1965 edition of the encyclopedia, available on the 4th floor of the library at TP 9 .E685. The entry in the most recent edition is worded differently and it may be difficult to answer some of the questions using it.

For the first question, the 1965 edition provides an answer regarding "hydroxycarboxylic acids", the 1978 edition provides an answer regarding "hydroxy and carboxy groups", and the 2004 edition refers to "carboxyl and hydroxyl groups" but doesn't directly mention "separated by at least two carbon atoms".

For question 8, the 1965 and 1978 editions provide a clear statement regarding "the greatest uses of esters", but the 2004 edition does not.

For question 9, the 1965 edition provides a single answer, but the later editions refer to additional medicinals.

Student comment: "The definition of percent acidity is not present in the second edition or the third edition to the best of my ability, nor is a definition for the term readily available on the internet. References to it are present in Wikipedia's article on vinegar, but no definition there, either. No convenient statement of fact is found in the sections on commercial use of esters, finally."