Brown v. Board of Education

Part One -- A Discussion of the Reasons for a Period of Gradual Adjustment to Desegregation to be Permitted in Florida with Broad Powers of Discretion Vested in Local School Authorities to Determine Administrative Procedures

• A. The Need for Time in Revising the State Legal Structure
  • Examples of Legislative Problems
    • Scholarships
    • Powers and Duties of County School Boards
    • State Board of Education and State Superintendent
  • Discussion of Legislative Attitudes
• B. The Need for Time in Revising Administrative Procedure
  • Examples
    • Transportation
    • Redistricting
    • Scholastic Standards
    • Health and Moral Welfare
• C. The Need for Time in Gaining Public Acceptance
  • A Survey of Leadership Opinion
  • General Conclusions
    • Regional Variations
    • A Note on Responses of Legislators
  • The Dade County Report
  • Discussion
• D. Intangibles in Education
• E. Reason for Hope
• F. Regional Variations
• G. Discussion

Part Two -- Specific Suggestions to the Court in Formulating a Decree

• Introductory Note
• Specific Suggestions

Part Three -- Legal Authority of the Court to Permit a Period of Gradual Adjustment and Broad Powers of Administrative Discretion on the Part of Local School Authorities

• A. Judicial Cases Permitting Time
  • United State v. American Tobacco Co.
  • Standard Oil v. United States
  • Georgia v. Tennessee Copper Co. / State of Georgia v. Tennessee Copper Co., etc.
  • State of New York v. State of New Jersey, etc.
  • Martin Bldg. Co. v. Imperial laundry
• B. Administrative Discretion Cases
  • United States v. Paramount Pictures
  • Alabama Public Service Commission v. Southern Railway Co. / People of the State of New York v. United States
  • Burford v. Sun Oil Co.
  • Far Eastern Conference, United States Lines Co., etc. v. United States and Federal Maritime Board
  • Minersville School District v. Gobitis
  • Cox v. New Hampshire
  • Barbier v. Connolly
  • Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.
• C. Remarks

Part Four -- Considerations Involved in Formulating Plans for Desegregation

• Changes in the Law
• Plans for Integration

Part Five -- Conclusion

Results of a Survey of Florida Leadership Opinion on the Effects of the U.S. Supreme Court Decision of May 17, 1954 Relating to Segregation in Florida Schools

• The Report and the Conclusions
• Leadership Opinion by Questionnaire... and Conclusions
• Sample Questionnaire
• Groups:
  • Peace Officers
  • Principals and Supervisors (white)
  • PTA Leaders (white)
  • Newspaper Editors
  • Radio Station Managers
  • County Officials
  • School Officials
  • Legislators
  • Ministers
  • Negro Principals
  • PTA Leaders (Negro)
• Tables:
  • Table 1: Questionnaires sent and returned, by groups
  • Table 2: Per cent expressing various attitudes towards decision, by groups
  • Table 3: Per cent agreeing or disagreeing with the decision, by groups
  • Table 4: Per cent willing or unwilling to comply with courts and school officials, by groups
  • Table 5: Per cent of each group predicting mob violence and serious violence
  • Table 6: Per cent of each group doubting ability of peace officers to cope with serious violence
  • Table 7: Per cent of each group who believe peace officers could cope with minor violence
  • Table 8: Per cent of groups polled who believe most of other specified groups disagree with the decision
  • Table 9: Per cent of each group designating various methods of ending segregation as most effective
  • Table 10: Per cent of each group designating specified grade levels as easiest place to start desegregation
  • Table 11: Per cent of each group designating various problems as being likely to arise
  • Table 12: Confidence of peace officers in ability to cope with serious violence, by attitude towards desegregation
  • Table 13: Confidence of peace officers that police would enforce school attendance laws for mixed schools, by attitude towards desegregation
  • Table 14: Per cent of peace officers expressing various attitudes, by region
  • Table 15: Per cent of white principals and supervisors agreeing or disagreeing with the decision, by region
  • Table 16: Per cent of white principals and supervisors willing or unwilling to comply, by region
  • Table 17: Per cent of peace officers predicting mob violence, by region
  • Table 18: Number and per cent of peace officers and white principals and supervisors predicting serious violence, by region
  • Table 19: Number and per cent of peace officers and white principals and supervisors doubting that peace officers could cope with serious violence, by region
  • Table 20: Number and per cent of legislators favoring each of five possible courses of legislative action
• Leadership Opinion by Personal Interview...and Conclusions
• Analysis of Negro Registration and Voting in Florida, 1940-1954
• Existing Public School Facilities in Florida...and Factors of School Administration and Instructional Services Affecting Segregation
• An Intensive Study in Dade County and Nearby Agricultural Areas...and Conclusions

Examples of Florida's Constitutional, Statutory and State School Board Regulatory Provisions Relating to Segregation

Florida Constitution

• Article XII, Section 1 -- Uniform system of public free schools
• Article XII, Section 12 -- White and colored; separate schools

Florida Statutes

• 228.09 -- Separate schools for white and negro children required
• 229.07 -- General powers of state board
• 229.08 -- Duties and responsibilities of state board
• 229.16 -- General powers of state superintendent
• 229.17 -- Duties and responsibilities of state superintendent
• 230.23 -- Powers and duties of county board
• 239.41 -- Value of general scholarships

State School Board Regulations relating to:

• The Calculation of Instruction Units and Salary Allocations from the Foundation Program
• Administrative and Special Instructional Service
• Units for Supervisors of Instruction
• Establishment, Organization and Operation of Small Schools
• School Advisory Committees
• Qualifications, Duties and Procedure for Employment of Supervisors of Instruction
• Isolated Schools
• The Distribution of General Scholarships
• Scholarship Committee
• Scholarships for Preparation of Teachers and House and Senatorial Scholarships
• State Supervisory Services
• Transportation of Pupils