Conflict, Democratization, & the Kurds in the Middle East: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, & SyriaIntroduction : the Kurds as barrier or key to democratization / David Romano and Mehmet Gurses -- Turkey, Kemalism and the "deep state" / Michael Gunter -- Iraq, Arab nationalism and obstacles to democratic transition / Ozum Yesiltas -- Kurds, Persian nationalism, and Shia rule : surviving dominant nationhood in Iran / Gareth Stansfield -- The Syrian-Kurdish movements : obstacles rather than driving forces for democratization / Eva Savelsberg -- Democracy, civil war, and the Kurdish people divided between them / David T. Mason -- Communal groups, civil conflicts, and democratization in Latin America / John A. Booth -- Democracy and self-determination in the Kurdistan region of Iraq / Nicole F. Watts -- The EBB and flow of armed conflict in Turkey : an elusive peace / Gunes Tezcur -- The Iraqi Kurdish view on federalism : not just for the Kurds / David Romano -- Between a rock and hard place: the Kurdish dilemma in Iran / Nader Entessar -- The emergence of western Kurdistan and the future of Syria / Robert Lowe -- From war to democracy : transborder Kurdish conflict and democratization / Mehmet Gurses -- Ankara, Erbil, Baghdad : relations fraught with dilemmas / Ofra Bengio.