Religion & Cultural Studies

This title looks at Islam's role in the modern world, doing so in the context of the religion's history and development over the last 13 centuries. Containing thematic articles, biographies of key figures, definitions, illustrations, maps and more, this new encyclopedia fills a need in this key area of religious studies.

"There has been a long tradition of interest in philosophy in the Islamic world and these volumes represent the lives of some of the major figures within this field, including significant legal and political thinkers, theologians and geographers, with all the traditions of Islamic philosophy represented."

Online & print versions available
"Brill's Third Edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI3) is an entirely new work with new articles reflecting the great diversity of current scholarship. The EI3 appears in four substantial parts each year, both online and in print. The new scope includes comprehensive coverage of Islam in the twentieth century, attention to Muslim minorities all over the world, full attention to social science as well as humanistic perspectives."

v. 1. Methodologies, paradigms, and sources -- v. 2. Family, law, and politics -- v. 3. Family, body, sexuality, and health -- v. 4. Economics, education, mobility, and space -- v. 5. Practices, interpretations, and representations -- v. 6. Supplement & index

Appendix A: Reference maps. Historical synopsis of the Islamic world ; Historical synopsis of the Middle East ; Arabia and its neighbours at the time of the prophet's birth ; Islam in the modern world -- Appendix B: Mecca and the Hajj. Chart of the Hajj ; Map of Mecca ; Plan of the Grand Mosque -- Appendix C: Branches of Islam -- Appendix D: Genealogical tables. The Quraysh ; The Umayyads ; The 'Abbasids ; The 'Alids -- Chronology

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v. 1. Aa Gym-Cosmology -- v. 2. Creeds-Intercession -- v. 3. Interest-Metalwork -- v. 4. Mevlevî-Russia -- v. 5. Sacrifice-Women's Action Forum -- v. 6. Women's movements-Ẓūrkhānah -- index

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Islam in the Eyes of the West: Islam as Part of the Contemporary World -- Anti-Islamic Attitudes from Medieval Times to the Present -- Avoiding Prejudice in Approaching Islam -- Approaching Islam in Terms of Religion: Islam & the Modern Concept of Religion -- Islam & the Historical Study of Religion -- Islam Defined by the State & by the Numbers -- Islamic Religious Language -- The Sacred Sources of Islam: The Seal of the Prophets: The Prophet Muhammad -- The Word of God: The Qur’an -- Ethics & Life in the World: Islamic Religious Ethics -- Greek Philosophy as a Source of Ethics -- Islamic Ethics in the Colonial Age -- The End of the Caliphate & the Concept of the Islamic State -- Examples of Islam & the Modern State in Practice -- Liberal Islam -- Gender & the Question of Veiling -- Islam & Science -- Spirituality in Practice: Early Sufism & the Cultivation of Mystical Experience -- The Spirituality of Shi‘ism -- Later Sufism -- What Is Islamic Art? -- Postscript: Reimagining Islam in the Twenty-first Century: Beyond East & West -- New Images of Islam -- Islam & Pluralism

This handbook is in development, with individual articles published online in advance of print publcation.
African American Muslim Congregations, 1913–2013 -- W. D. Muhammad’s Hermeneutics of the Second Resurrection -- Shi‘i Islam in the African American Community -- Popular & Academic Images of African American Islam, 1915–1945 -- The Five Percenters -- Imam Warith Deen Mohammed: The Journey & Evolution of a Man & the Community He Led -- Black American Muslims -- Omar ibn Said’s Rhetorical Discourse Against Slavery -- African American & Immigrant Muslim Interaction: Past, Present & Future -- “A Muslim from America”

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Part I: Formation of the Muslim Community in North America: The First Stirrings of Islam in America -- Muslim Immigration to America -- Imams & Chaplains as American Religious Professionals -- Islamic Organizations in the U.S. -- African American Muslims -- The Twelver Shi‘is in America -- Sufi Movements in America -- Muslim Minority Groups in American Islam -- Part II: Institutionalization of Islam in North America: Practicing Islam in the U.S. -- Shari‘a and Fiqh in the U.S. -- Muslim Women in the U.S. -- Marriage in American Muslim Communities -- Mosques in the U.S. -- Developments in Islamic Education in the U.S. -- American Muslim Youth Movements -- Da‘wa in the U.S. -- Islam in American Prisons -- Volunteerism among American Immigrant Muslims -- Part III: Integration and Assimilation of Muslims: Muslim Americans & the Political System -- The Intellectual Contributions of American Muslim Scholars -- Muslim–Christian Relations in the U.S. -- American Muslims in the Age of New Media -- Muslim Artists in America -- American Mosque Architecture -- Islamic Dress & Fashion in the U.S. -- Health & Medicine among American Muslims -- Muslims in Film & Muslim Filmmaking in the U.S. -- American Muslims & Global Islam -- The War on Terror & Its Effects on American Muslims -- Islamophobia & Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the U.S.

Islam as a Postcolonial, Post-second World War Religion in Europe: France -- The United Kingdom -- Germany -- The Netherlands -- Belgium -- The Arrival of Islam as Post-1974 Migration: Italy -- Spain -- Greece -- Scandinavian Countries -- The Old European Land of Islam: Bosnia & Herzegovina -- Albanians’ Islam(s) -- Russia -- Bulgaria -- Islam & European Secularism: The Institutionalization of Islam in Europe -- Shariah in Europe -- Hijab -- Islam & European Politics: Islamophobia -- Radicalization -- Conclusion Is There a European Islam?

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Thinking Globally About Religion -- Indic Cultural Region: Thinking Globally about Hinduism --
Traditional Brahmanical Society -- Popular Hindu Movements -- The Sikh Community -- The Jain Community -- Hindu Communities Abroad -- Buddhist/Confucian Cultural Region: Thinking Globally about Buddhism -- Theravada Buddhist Societies -- Tibetan Buddhist Society -- Vietnamese Religious Society -- Traditional Chinese Religious Society -- Popular Religion in Mainland China -- Traditional Japanese Religious Society -- Japanese New Religious Movements -- Korean Religious Society -- Buddhist Communities Abroad -- Jewish Cultural Region: Thinking Globally about Judaism -- Jewish Communities in Israel -- Jewish Communities in North Africa & the Middle East -- Jewish Communities in Europe -- Jewish Communities in the Americas -- Jewish Communities in Asia -- Christian Cultural Region: Thinking Globally about Christianity -- Western European Catholic Societies -- Eastern European Catholic Societies -- European Protestant Societies -- Orthodox Christian Societies -- Religious Communities in Russia -- The Coptic Community -- Latin American Catholic Societies -- North American Religious Communities -- Evangelical Christian Community in North & South America -- African Christian Communities -- Christian Communities in South Asia -- Christian Communities in China -- Christian Communities in Southeast Asia -- Mormon Communities around the World -- Islamic Cultural Region: Thinking Globally about Islam -- Arab Islamic Societies -- North African Islamic Societies -- Sub-Saharan African Islam -- European Islam -- Shi'a Islamic Societies -- Islamic Communities in Central Asia -- Islamic Communities in South Asia -- Islamic Societies in Southeast Asia -- Chinese Islamic Communities -- American Islamic Communities -- Religious Movements with Islamic Origins -- African Cultural Region: Thinking Globally about African Religion -- Traditional African Religious Society -- Afro-Caribbean Religious Societies -- Local Religious Societies: Thinking Globally about Local Religious Societies -- Native American Religious Societies -- Australian Aboriginal Societies -- Pacific Islands Religious Communities -- Understanding Global Religion: Religion in Global Perspective -- Anti-Global Religion? -- The Global Future of Religion

Part I. Major themes: The Shari'a -- Salafiya, Modernism, & Revival -- Islamic Reform between Islamic Law & the Nation-State -- Political Islam & the State -- Islam & Democracy -- The Political Economy of Islam & Politics -- Political Islam & Gender -- Part II. Islamic Ideologues, Activists, & Intellectuals: Founders or Trailblazers of Political Islam: Hassan Al-Banna / Mawlana Mawdudi -- Revolutionary Ideologues: Sayyid Qutb / Ali Shari'ati / Ayatollah Khomenei -- The "Intellectuals" of Political Islam: Hassan al-Turabi / Rashid al-Ghannoushi / Yusuf al-Qaradawi / Muhammad Khatami / Abdolkarim Soroush -- Part III. Islam & Politics Around the World: North America -- Europe -- Middle East -- Central Asia -- South Asia -- Southeast Asia --North Africa -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Part IV. The Dynamics of Islam in Politics: Political Islam in Power: Iran / Saudi Arabia / The Ak Party in Turkey / Sudan / Afghanistan / The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt -- Islamic Movements in the Political Process: Hamas in the Palestinian Territories / Hizbullah in Lebanon / Islamic Movements in Algeria, Morocco, & Tunisia / The Islamic Action Front in Jordan / Nahdatul Ulama in Indonesia / Jamaat-i-Islami in Pakistan / Islamic Movements in Malaysia -- Jihadi Political Islam: Al-Jama'a al-Islamiya & al-Jihad Group in Egypt / Jihadists in Iraq / Al-Qaida & its Affiliates

Part I: Islamic Theolog(ies) during the Formative & the Early Middle period:Origins of Kalām -- The Early Qadariyya -- Jahm b. Ṣafwān (d. 128/745–6) & the ‘Jahmiyya’ & Ḍirār b. ʿAmr (d. 200/815) -- Early Shīʿī Theology -- Excursus I: Christian Theological Thought during the First ʿAbbāsid Century -- Excursus II: Ungodly Cosmologies -- The Muʿtazilite Movement (I): The Origins of the Muʿtazila (II): The Early Muʿtazilites (III): The Scholastic Phase --The Shīʿī Reception of Muʿtazilism (I): Zaydīs (II): Twelver Shīʿīs -- The Predecessors of Ashʿarism: Ibn Kullāb, al-Muḥāsibī & al-Qalānisī -- Between Cordoba & Nīsābūr: The Emergence & Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/Tenth–Eleventh Century) -- Early Ibāḍī Theology -- Karrāmiyya --Scripturalist & Traditionalist Theology -- Ḥanafī Theological Tradition & Māturīdism -- Philosophical Theology -- Ismāʿīlī Theology -- Sufi Theological Thought -- Part II: Intellectual Interactions of Islamic Theology(ies)—Four Case Studies: Occasionalism -- Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī’s (d. 321/933) Theory of ‘States’ (aḥwāl) & its Adaption by Ashʿarite Theologians -- Theories of Ethical Value in Kalām : A New Interpretation -- Theology & Logic -- Part III: Islamic Theology(ies) during the Later Middle & Early Modern Period: Theology Engages With Avicennan Philosophy: al-Ghazālī’s Tahāfut al-Falāsifa & Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Tuḥfat al-Mutakallimīn fī l-Radd ʿalā l-Falāsifa -- Twelver Shīʿī Theology -- Zaydī Theology in Yemen -- Handbooks in the Tradition of Later Eastern Ashʿarism -- Later Ashʿarism in the Islamic West -- Egypt & the Later Ashʿarite School -- Excursus III: The Coptic & Syriac Receptions of Neo-Ashʿarite Theology -- Theology in the Ottoman Lands -- Theology in Central Asia -- Theology in the Indian Subcontinent -- Ḥanbalī Theology -- Part IV: Political & Social History & its Impact on Theology—Four Case Studies: al-Maʾmūn (r. 198/813–218/833) & the Miḥna -- The Miḥna of Ibn ʿAqīl (d. 513/1119) & the Fitnat Ibn al-Qushayrī (d. 514/1120) -- The Religious Policy of the Almohads -- Interpretations of Ashʿarism & Māturīdism in Mamluk & Ottoman Times -- Part V: Islamic Theological Thought from the End of the Early Modern Period to the Modern Period: Main Trends of Islamic Theological Thought from the Late Nineteenth Century to Present Times -- Striving for a New Exegesis of the Qurʾān

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Part I: The Concept of The Abrahamic Religions: Abraham & Authenticity -- Yet Another Abraham -- Abrahamic Experiments in History -- Three Rings or Three Impostors? The Comparative Approach to the Abrahamic Religions & its Origins -- The Abrahamic Religions as a Modern Concept -- The Concept of the Abrahamic Religions, Problems & Pitfalls -- Part II: Communities: Islamo-Christian Civilization -- The Abrahamic Religions in the Mediterranean -- Justice -- Jews & Muslims in Christian Law & History -- Beyond Exclusivism in the Middle Ages: On the Three Rings, the Three Impostors, & the Discourse of Multiplicity -- Part III: Scripture & Hermeneutics: Historical-Critical Readings of the Abrahamic Scriptures -- Interpreters of Scripture -- The Finality of Prophecy -- Apocalypticism, Millenarianism, & Messianism -- Part IV: Religious Thought: The Abrahamic Religions & the Classical Tradition -- Confessing Monotheism in Arabic (at-Tawḥīd): The One God of Abraham & his Apologists -- Philosophy & Theology -- Science & Creation: The Medieval Heritage -- Mysticism in the Abrahamic Religions -- Political Thought -- Religious Dualism & the Abrahamic Religions -- Part V: Rituals & Ethics: Prayer -- Purity & Defilement -- Dietary Law -- Life-Cycle Rites of Passage -- The Cult of Saints & Pilgrimage -- Religions of Love: Judaism, Christianity, Islam -- Religion & Politics in the Age of Fundamentalisms -- Part VI: Epilogues: Jewish & Other Abrahamic Philosophic Arguments for Abrahamic Studies -- Christian Perspectives: Settings, Theology, Practices, & Challenges -- Islamic Perspectives