Middle Eastern Studies

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Previous series U.S. Documents D 101.22:550-68

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v. 1. The land of Iran, edited by W. B. Fisher.--v. 2. The Median and Achaemenian periods, edited by Ilya Gershevitch.--v. 3. The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods, edited by Ehsan Yarshater (2 pts.).--v. 4. The period from the Arab invasion to the Saljuqs.--v. 5. The Saljuq and Mongol periods, edited by J. A. Boyle.--v. 6. The Timurid and Safavid periods, edited by Peter Jackson and Laurence Lockhart.--v. 7. From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, edited by Peter Avery, Gavin Hambly, and Charles Melville

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The Qajar Dynasty -- The Pahlavi Dynasty -- The Islamic Republic -- Iranian Political Culture

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The land & people of Iran -- Ancient Iran -- From the Parthians to Mongols -- Early modern Iran -- From the Zand to the Qajars -- The forging of the nation-state -- Mohammad-Reza Shah -- Khomeini & the Islamic revolution -- The Khomeini era -- The era of reconstruction -- Contemporary Iran

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Part I: Historical Background: The Nineteenth Century -- The Constitutional Revolution -- Reza Shah -- Part II: Politics of Social Conflict: The Evolving Political System: From Military to Embattled Monarchy -- From Embattled to Military Monarchy -- The Tudeh Party -- Class Bases of the Tudeh -- Ethnic Bases of the Tudeh -- Part III: Contemporary Iran: The Politics of Uneven Development -- The Opposition -- The Islamic Revolution -- Conclusion

The Foundations of Clerical Influence -- The Eve of Qajar Rule -- The Clerical Policy of Fatḥ 'Alī Shāh -- 'Abbās Mirzā, Qā'im Maqām, & the Ulama -- The Ulama & the Early Foreign Impact -- The Reign of Muḥammad Shāh -- The First Four Years of Nāṣir ud-Dīn Shāh's Reign & the Ministry of Mīrzā Taqī Khān Amīr Kabīr (1264/1848-1268/1851) -- Bābism, Bahā'ism, & the Ulama -- Between Two Reformers, Mīrzā Taqī Khān Amīr Kabīr & Mīrzā Ḥusayn Khān Sipahsālār (I268/1851-1288/1871) -- Mīrzā Ḥusayn Khān Sipahsālār & his Downfall -- Two Apostles of Change and the Ulama -- The Repeal of the Tobacco Concession & Its Consequences -- The Clerical Opposition to Amīn ud-Daula & Amīn us-Sulṭān (1896 -1903) -- The Ulama & the Early Constitutional Movement

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"In this biography Amanat traces Nasir al-Din Shah's transformation from an insecure crown prince, and later an erratic boy-king, to a ruler with substantial control over his government and foreign policy. He provides a vivid picture of the political culture that determined Nasir al-Din Shah's behavior and, ultimately, his conception of government: the mode of succession in an urbanizing nomadic dynasty, the complicated relationships of the harem and his family, and the fatherly role of his guardian-ministers."

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Religion & Irreligion in Early Iranian Nationalism -- The Origins of the Religious-Radical Alliance in Iran -- Popular Participation in the Persian Revolution of 1905-1911 -- Religion & Society in Iran -- The Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914 & Its Political Impact -- Iran, 1797-1941 -- Stratification, Social Control, & Capitalism in Iranian Villages: Before & After Land Reform -- Oil, Economic Policy & Social Change in Iran

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Clergy-State Relations Before 1941 -- Revival of 'Ulamas Influence & Clergy-State Alignment, 1941-1958 -- Ulama'-State Confrontation & the Defeat of the Clergy, 1959-1963 -- The Two Clergy Movements & State Bureaucratization of Power in the Sixties & Seventies -- The Ulama, Islamic Government, & the Collapse of the Bureaucratic State

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Age of Autocracy & Concessions -- Reza Shah & the 1933 Concession -- Iran Defies Russia & Britain -- General's Mission -- Oil Nationalization Act -- Forces at Work in Iran, Britain, & the United States -- Iran Takes Over the Company -- Harriman & Stokes Missions -- Oil Cartel's Stranglehold -- British Plans for the Occupation of Abadan -- Oil Dispute Taken to the United Nations -- Mossadeq's Discussions in the United States -- Britain Manipulates the World Bank -- Judgment at the World Court -- British Attempts to Overthrow Mossadeq -- Qavam's Prime Ministership & the Communist Threat -- Churchill's Games with Truman -- Iran's Oil-less Economy -- Eden's Games with Eisenhower -- Coup -- Oil Consortium Takes Over -- Coup's Aftermath

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The collapse of the old order -- Khomaini: the "Idol Smasher" -- Bazargan: a knife without the blade -- The debate on the constitution -- Bani-Sadr: the "Devoted Son" as President -- The destruction of Bani-Sadr -- The economics of divine harmony -- The struggle over land -- Terror and consolidation -- The house that Khomaini built

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Study of Revolution: Science of Anarchy or Anarchy of Science? -- Constitutional Movement & the Creation of the Pahlavi Dynasty -- Reform from Above & Resistance from Below: The June Uprising of 1963 -- Economic Development & Political Decay -- Opposition to the Pahlavi Regime: Its Ideological & Organizational Bases -- Crisis of Wealth -- Anatomy of Iran's Revolutionary Movement: From Demanding Reforms to Dethroning a King -- Rise & Fall of the Provisional Revolutionary Government: A Good Government for a Wrong Time -- Iran's First Encounter with the Presidency & the Drive Toward Radicalism -- Khomeini & the Challenge to Govern -- Drive Toward Moderation: Iran Under Khamenei & Rafsanjani

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Rise of the Modern State & the Transformation of Society -- 1905-1911 -- Formation of the Modern Bureaucratic State in the Twentieth Century -- Shiism Versus Statism -- From Temporal to Theocratic Absolutism -- February 1979-December 1982 -- Consolidation of Islamic Theocracy -- Reflections on the Islamic Revolution -- A Comparative Perspective

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Fundamentalism or Populism? -- Perceptions of Private Property, Society & the State -- May Day in the Islamic Republic -- History Used & Abused -- Paranoid Style in Iranian Politics

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Introduction: Marginalisation of gender & approaches to women in Middle Eastern Studies -- Pt. I: discourse of modernity: Social diversity on women's issues in nineteenth-century Iran -- Women & the era of constitutionalism -- Women & the era of nation building -- Women & the era of nationalism -- Women & the era of modernisation -- Pt. 2: discourse of revolution: Gender as a revolutionary discourse -- Women & the political transition from modernisation to Islamisation -- Pt. 3: Discourse of Islamisation: Islamic construction of family -- Women & national participation in the Islamic Republic -- Policing the family -- Conclusion: Summary of themes & issues

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"A noted authority on Iranian culture tells the story of the education of a modern Islamic teacher, from childhood to ayatolla--a story interwoven with scenes from Iran's history and biographical sketches of its key figures"

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America & Iran: early entanglements -- Petroleum politics & the American intervention of 1953 -- The politics of reaction & Pahlavi retrenchment, 1954-1961 -- An interlude of reform: John F. Kennedy & Iran, 1961-1963 -- Counterreform, Lyndon Johnson, & Pahlavi retrenchment, 1963-1970 -- Iran, American, & the triumph of repression, 1971-1977 -- America & the Iranian revolution, 1977-1979 -- The Islamic Republic & America: ruptured relations & a venture in rapprochement -- Pahlavism in America: the informal politics of foreign policy-making -- The United States in Iran: diplomats, intelligence agents, & policy making -- The politics of foreign policy failure: a system of reinforcing errors

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"Richard Cottam served in the U.S. embassy in Tehran from 1956 to 1958 and was consulted by the Department of State during the 1979 hostage crisis. This book draws upon his expert personal knowledge of Iranian politics to describe the spiraling decline of U.S.-Iranian relations since the cold war and the political consequences of those years U.S. policy, he argues, is flawed by ignorance, inertia, the tenacity of a cold war mentality, a quixotic tilt toward Iraq, and the blatant inconsistency of the Reagan administration's arms-for-hostages scheme that produced the Iran-contra scandal."

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Book I: The Kurds in the Age of Tribe & Empire: Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century -- Ottoman Kurdistan, 1800-1850 -- Ottoman Kurdistan, 1850-1914 -- The Qajars & the Kurds -- Revolution, Nationalism & War, 1908-1918 -- Book II: Incorporating the Kurds: Redrawing the Map: the Partition of Ottoman Kurdistan -- The Kurds, Britain & Iraq -- Incorporating Turkey's Kurds -- The Kurds under Reza Shah -- Book III: Ethno-nationalism in Iran: Tribe or Ethnicity? The Mahabad Republic -- Iran: Creating a National Movement -- Subjects of the Shi'i Republic -- Book IV: Ethno-nationalism in Iraq: The Birth of a Nationalist Movement under Hashimite Rule -- The Kurds in Revolutionary Iraq -- The Kurds under the Baath, 1968-1975 -- The Road to Genocide, 1975-1988 -- Uprising & Self-rule -- Book V: Ethno-nationalism in Turkey: The Kurdish National Revival in Turkey, 1946-1979 -- The PKK & the Mass Movement -- The Kurds in Exile: Building the Nation

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